摘要： 现代法律普遍禁止巫术,但是在文明欠发达的区域,巫术依然存在。巫术处在法律明文禁止与法律实际默认之间。古代的非洲和亚洲的巫术在民间一直处于活跃状态,现代国家产生后,官方持否定的态势,但在民间巫术虽然已较为少见却仍然存在。非洲现代化之前,巫术被当做一种传统。在欧洲,巫术的沉浮则有相对完整的历史,其多与宗教有关,其入罪体现了世俗权威对巫术的审判和处罚。在中国古代社会,官方对于巫蛊的一般政策是禁止与惩罚,根据巫师行为所产生后果的轻重进行出罪与入罪的判断,轻者,判定巫师损害赔偿,重者,将巫师入罪。现代法律处置巫师疑难之处在于证据制度的完善与司法程序的改革。
中图分类号:
| 〔1〕瞿同祖:《中国法律与中国社会》,台北:台北“中华书局”,2003年,第290-291、269、285页. 〔2〕Hallie Ludsin, “Cultural Denial: What South Africa's Treatment of Witchcraft Says for the Future of Its Customary Law,”Berkeley :. 62 , (2003),P2. 〔3〕〔5〕〔13〕 J.A. Sharpe, “Criminalization, Decriminalization, and Elite Attitudes to Witchcraft in England,”A Preliminary Survey, no. 17, 1992. pp.15-28. 〔4〕Mirjan Damaska, “The Quest for Due Process in the age of Inquisition”, Vol. 919, (2012),P60. 〔6〕 Saul M. Kassin, “Wrongful Conviction: Understanding and Addressing Criminal Injustice: False Confession,” Vol.1227, (2010)P73. 〔7〕 Albert Rosenblatt, The interaction of Law and Psychiatry: A Voyage Over the Ages, Vol. 969, (2006), P69. 〔8〕〔10〕 Noel D. Johnson and Mark Koyama,Taxes, Lawyers, and the Decline of Witch Trials in France, 57 J. Law and Econ Vol. 77, (2014), P5. 〔9〕 Benedetta Faedi Duramy, “Women and Poisons in 17th Century France,” Vol. 347, (2012) P.87. 〔11〕Paula C. Johnson, At the intersection of Injustice: Experiences of African American Women in Crime and Sentencing, n66, n67, 4 Am.U. J. Gender and Law no.66, (1995) p.4. 〔12〕 Edward Bever, “Witchcraft Prosecutions and the Decline of Magic, the Journal of Interdisciplinary History,” vol. 40, no.2, (2009), pp.263-293. 〔14〕 Dirk Kohnert, “Witchcraft and Transnational Social Spaces: Witchcraft Violence, Reconciliation and Development in South Africa’s Transition Process,” The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 41, No. 2, (2003), pp. 217-245. 〔15〕 Jennifer Widner, “Court and Democracy in Postconflict Transition:A Social Scientist’s Perspective on the African Case”, vol.64, (2001)p.95. 〔16〕 Willem van Genugten, “Protection of Indigenous Peoples on the African Continent: concepts, Position Seeking,the Interaction of Legal Systems”, vol. 29, (2010)p.104. |
| [1] | 苏敏华. 《国际刑事法院罗马规约》的被害人赔偿与补偿程序[J]. 社会科学辑刊, 2017, 0(2): 79-84. |
| [2] | 王淑敏. "一带一路"的贸易便利化与海关知识产权保护的互动[J]. 社会科学辑刊, 2017, 0(2): 85-89. |
| [3] | 房文翠. 司法责任制语境下的法律统一适用标准[J]. 社会科学辑刊, 2017, 0(2): 90-95. |
| [4] | 李栋. 普通法"关系"的发展与历史解析[J]. 社会科学辑刊, 2017, 0(2): 102-108. |
| [5] | 徐晓光. 西南地区少数民族民间法推动婚俗改革的实践--以侗族、苗族的碑文资料为基础[J]. 社会科学辑刊, 2017, 0(2): 109-116. |
| [6] | 郑全红. 民初女子财产继承权的变迁--以大理院判例为中心的考察[J]. 社会科学辑刊, 2017, 0(1): 142-149. |
| [7] | 朱红林. 史与秦汉时期的决狱制度[J]. 社会科学辑刊, 2017, 0(1): 150-155. |
| [8] | 霍存福. 宋代“鞫谳分司”:“听”“断”合一与分立的体制机制考察[J]. 社会科学辑刊, 2016, 0(6): 22-31. |
| [9] | 祖伟. 我国传统契约文书“恐后无凭”套语的证据实质意义[J]. 社会科学辑刊, 2016, 0(6): 32-39. |
| [10] | 王帅一. 明清社会生活中的具体关系:土地契约的多样性表达[J]. 社会科学辑刊, 2015, 0(6): 79-80. |
| [11] | . 黄岩诉讼档案状词真实性研究[J]. 社会科学辑刊, 2013, 0(3): 94-98. |
| [12] | 苏亦工. 康熙朝《刑部现行则例》的修颁时间、传本及特色[J]. 社会科学辑刊, 2017, 0(3): 102-106. |
| [13] | 刘志松. 清代河工贪冒考论[J]. 社会科学辑刊, 2017, 0(3): 107-113. |
|