社会科学辑刊 ›› 2017 ›› Issue (3): 142-148.

• 近代史研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

耶稣会会士之著译:孔子进入美国的最初媒介

张涛   

  • 发布日期:2018-07-26
  • 作者简介:张涛,历史学博士,四川外国语大学美国研究所教授,博士生导师(重庆 400031)。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金项目(14BZS083)

  • Published:2018-07-26

摘要: 孔子进入美国,最早是通过耶稣会会士的著译。《中国哲学家孔子 》是近代西方第一本系统介绍孔子和儒家著作的书籍,也是英属北美殖民地最早接触到的与孔子有关的著作,奠定了美国人认知中国圣人的基础。在转载和吸收的过程中,美国人较为完整地呈现了孔子的上帝信仰及其高尚的人格和完美的道德思想,表明美国早期对孔子的全面肯定态度。李明和杜赫德关于孔子的描述和评价延续了耶稣会此前的赞赏风格。耶稣会其他成员撰写的著作也在早期美国的孔子认知上留下了印记,延续了耶稣会肯定孔子及其思想的基本线索。18世纪初以后,针对中国的祖先崇拜和孔子崇拜,耶稣会内部也有纷争,导致所谓的"礼仪之争"。很多耶稣会成员抨击殷铎泽、李明等人正面评价孔子的努力。但否定孔子的耶稣会观点并未在北美殖民地引起多大反响。之所以如此,既因为反对调和策略的耶稣会成员没能写出如《 孔子的道德 》那样影响极为深远、能引起大西洋两岸密切关注的著作,也因为18世纪前半期的欧洲出现了启蒙运动。启蒙思想家急于寻找能够替代欧洲陈旧思想的新颖模式,耶稣会著作中道德高尚的孔子及其思想恰巧符合这一需求,而北美的社会和思想精英——如富兰克林等——又是欧洲启蒙运动的崇拜者和效仿者。两种因素共同作用,让贬低孔子的耶稣会观点难以在早期美国立足和传播。

关键词: 耶稣会, 孔子, 早期美国, 形象起源

中图分类号: 

  • G115

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