摘要: 有关正常基线中海图的效力问题,存在“海图低潮线优先”和“海图低潮线并不具备当然的法律拘束力”两种意见。基于《联合国海洋法公约》正常基线条款的立法史料以及现公约各文本措辞的梳理,并不能就何种意见更为可取得出清晰结论,但从公约上下文及国际司法实践来看,“海图低潮线并不具备当然的法律拘束力”的意见更占优势。具有法律拘束力的基线应当以实际的基线(低潮线)为准,海图上的领海基线并不是具有法律拘束力的基线,它是具有法律拘束力的正常基线的一种呈现形式,具备推定的准确度。但当有证据表明相关海岸或海洋地物的构造发生明显的重大变化时,这种推定就是不成立的,而应当以实际低潮线为准。
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